Southern Thailand consists of a slender peninsula stretching down to Malaysia, and is dramatically different from the rest of the country in both scenery and culture. Lush jungle, craggy limestone mountains and long stretches of beach are the most familiar features of the landscape, rendered fertile by eight months of rain a year and a near-equatorial sun. Cultivated areas tend to be huge rubber and coconut plantations rather than the rice fields and orchards of other parts of Thailand.
The mosque adds its distinctive dome to the landscape, for the South is home to most of Thailand's Muslims, its largest religious minority. They are mostly concentrated in the provinces adjacent to Malaysia, where Malay is spoken as commonly as Thai. In other southern provinces such as Songkhla and Phuket, Chinese predominate.
Southern food reflects all this diversity, together with other aspects of the past when traders form India and Java sailed into the numerous ports of the peninsula. The coconut, so much part of the scenery, is used to the full, its milk thickening soups and curries, its oil for frying, its grated fresh as a condiment. Cashew nuts and pineapple also grow in volume, and form a familiar part of the cuisine.