Five carboxylic acids were isolated in the headspace of control and processed human milk. Octanoic and decanoic acids were the most abundant in control milk. Both compounds produce odors belonging to the dairy class (cheese, sweat, fat, rancid-like odors). Thus, Mounchili et al. (2005) connected the burnt milk odor with the presence of octanoic and n-decanoic acids. The levels of decanoic acid were not affected by HPT processing, however, treatments at 300 MPa/50 °C and 900 MPa/80 °C caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in octanoic acid levels present in treated milk samples with respect to control values. Nonetheless, the concentration of dodecanoic acid was enhanced (p < 0.05) at 300 MPa and 50 °C.