these included the New Public Management (Hood 1991; Christensen and Laegreid 2002), the post bureaucratic paradigm (Barzelay 1992), reinventing government (Osborne and Gaebler 1992), governance (Rhodes 1996; Pierr and Peters 2000; Peters 1996; Bowornwathana 1997,2000; Meier and O'Toole 2006), and public management (Pollitt and Bouckaert 2004; Kettl 200; and Lynn 2006). With the creation of such new common concepts, it was possible to conduct comparative studies.