The feedstock accounts for a large portion of the direct biodiesel production cost due to the fact that the major cost of production, which is around 82.83% as shown in Fig. 12, is incurred at the seed production stage [45]. The major costs at this stage are the salaries of the labour for fruit collection, treatment (handling and capital cost) and the fertilisation cost. Openshaw [29] estimated that 95% of the cost of harvesting, fruit shelling and seed cleaning is the labour cost. Therefore, the cost of production was reported to be almost directly proportional to the fruit yield as shown in Fig. 13 due to the fact that more labour hours would be required to process a larger amount of mature fruits. On the other hand, although the pretreatment of fruit/seeds, such as drying and heating, are suggested for the best postproduction, there is no established documentation for the cost distribution of each process.