Penicillin production in situ in cured salami at different stages of ripening. The production of penicillin in situ by P. nalgiovense was tested with three salami products obtained from the same manufacturer and inoculated with P. nalgiovense at different stages of ripening: (i) soft, unpalatable salami (not cured) with initial fungal colonization in which isolated P. nalgiovense colonies were observed; (ii) semidry (not fully cured) salami covered with a nonhomogeneous
fungal mat; and (iii) cured, dried salami showing good organoleptic properties and a complete mat of fungal growth. The production of penicillin was tested directly in the casing with 9-mmdiameter disks of salami casing, salami meat outer surface (0 to 4 mm deep), inner surface (4 to 8 mm deep), and inner core (.10 mm deep). The disks were assayed directly on a penicillin-sensitive M. luteus surface culture on 1% TSA medium. The antibiotic was allowed to diffuse in the plates in the cold (3 h at 5°C), and the cultures were incubated at 30°C for 24 h. Alternatively, the penicillin was extracted with organic solvent as follows. Samples taken as described above from the casing, outer surface layer (0 to 4 mm deep), inner surface layer (4 to 8 mm deep), and inner core (.10 mm deep) of each type of salami were frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground in a mortar. The triturated material was suspended in 20 ml of saline solution (0.9% NaCl) (pH 7.0) and stirred at 5°C for 15 min. The solid material was removed by centrifugation at 3,000 3 g and 5°C for 30 min. The aqueous solution was taken to pH 3.0 (with 1.0 N HCl) and extracted with an equal volume of ethyl acetate. The organic phase (free of the lipid interface) was collected, dried in a vacuum evaporator, and redissolved in 0.2 ml of distilled water at pH 8.0. Bioassays with 50-ml aliquots of the extracts were performed with M. luteus as indicated above. Similarly, bioassays were also run with 60-ml aliquots of the aqueous phase or the lipid interface
ยาเพนนิซิลลินผลิตแหล่งกำเนิดในซาลามี่หายขาดในระยะต่าง ๆ ของสุก การผลิตยาเพนนิซิลลินแหล่งกำเนิด โดย P. nalgiovense ทดสอบกับผลิตภัณฑ์ไส้กรอกสามได้รับมาจากผู้ผลิตเดียวกัน และ inoculated กับ P. nalgiovense ในระยะต่าง ๆ ของสุก: (i) นุ่ม ปร่าไส้กรอก (ไม่หาย) กับล่าอาณานิคมเชื้อราเริ่มต้นที่อาณานิคมแยก P. nalgiovense ข้อสังเกต (ii) ซาลามี่ (ไม่ครบหาย) semidry คลุม ด้วยที่ nonhomogeneousfungal mat; and (iii) cured, dried salami showing good organoleptic properties and a complete mat of fungal growth. The production of penicillin was tested directly in the casing with 9-mmdiameter disks of salami casing, salami meat outer surface (0 to 4 mm deep), inner surface (4 to 8 mm deep), and inner core (.10 mm deep). The disks were assayed directly on a penicillin-sensitive M. luteus surface culture on 1% TSA medium. The antibiotic was allowed to diffuse in the plates in the cold (3 h at 5°C), and the cultures were incubated at 30°C for 24 h. Alternatively, the penicillin was extracted with organic solvent as follows. Samples taken as described above from the casing, outer surface layer (0 to 4 mm deep), inner surface layer (4 to 8 mm deep), and inner core (.10 mm deep) of each type of salami were frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground in a mortar. The triturated material was suspended in 20 ml of saline solution (0.9% NaCl) (pH 7.0) and stirred at 5°C for 15 min. The solid material was removed by centrifugation at 3,000 3 g and 5°C for 30 min. The aqueous solution was taken to pH 3.0 (with 1.0 N HCl) and extracted with an equal volume of ethyl acetate. The organic phase (free of the lipid interface) was collected, dried in a vacuum evaporator, and redissolved in 0.2 ml of distilled water at pH 8.0. Bioassays with 50-ml aliquots of the extracts were performed with M. luteus as indicated above. Similarly, bioassays were also run with 60-ml aliquots of the aqueous phase or the lipid interface
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