sample of senior managers selected from business sub-units of 176 manufacturing firms with more than 100 employees using a mail survey method. This left the study with 109 useable responses. The mean age of the respondents was 47 years. On average, the respondents had worked for their present company for 10 years and had been in their current position for 7 years. The average number of employees in the respondents’ areas of responsibility was 143