The main role of such systems is to carry the electric currents
into earth under normal and fault conditions. However, in fault
conditions, current flows into the soil through the grounding
system resulting in potential gradient and ground potential rise
(GPR) compared to a distant land one (reference potential) [1].
The potential gradient affects the safety of the operating person
due to step-and-touch voltages and GPR affects the insulation
of protective devices. Indeed, the problems related to the design
of grounding system have drawn the attention of electrical engineers and designers [2].