1. Introduction
The global disappearance of primary, natural or unmanaged
forests is of major concern (FAO, 2007). Many of these forests are
old-growth forests, which provide numerous benefits and habitats
unavailable in managed forests (e.g. Lindenmayer and McCarthy,
2002). The forests of Sweden and Finland provide examples of the
effect of old-growth disappearance on various aspects of biodiversity.
Many of these forests have been managed very intensively
over the last 100 years. A comparison of abundance of various