How to Play Baseball
Two Parts:Basics and SetupPlaying the Game
Baseball is one of America's most beloved and iconic sports. Read these steps to learn how the game is played, and how to play it yourself.
Ad
Part 1 of 2: Basics and Setup
118575 1.jpg1
Understand the basic concepts of the game. Baseball is a team sport played on a special field over the course of several periods of play, called innings. Each inning is further divided into two parts, the “top” and the “bottom,” during which one team tries to score points while the other team defends the field. Points are scored by hitting a thrown ball (the baseball) with a bat, and then running around part of the field and returning to the start position. If the runner is tagged with the baseball by the defensive team before completing the run, the runner is out. After three outs, the inning moves forward and the teams switch places.
College and professional baseball games are played over nine innings. Less intense levels of competition usually feature six or seven.
The entire defensive team is always on the field. Offensive players try to hit the ball one at a time, so to start with there's only one offensive player on the field. As play progresses, up to four offensive players may end up on the field, but only one batter is up at any given time. The other three players are simply waiting in safe spots to complete their runs and score points.
There are three safe spots for runners, one at each corner of the running area, called bases. The bases must be visited in order to score a point; a runner can also choose to stop on a base and wait until the next play to continue running to the next. Bases are explained in greater detail below.
Ad
118575 2.jpg2
Get familiar with the infield. The baseball field (sometimes called the “baseball diamond”) is a specially-designed field composed of two basic parts: the infield and the outfield. The infield is the center of action. It's defined by four rugged pads set in the ground, called bases, at equal points from each other, forming a square diamond shape. The path from each base to the next is made of dirt, rather than grass. Inside the diamond is a grassy area, and near the middle of that is a low dirt mound with another plate on it called the pitcher's mound.
The batter (offensive player) stands at one base, called home plate, and waits for the ball to be pitched from the pitcher's mound so he or she can try to hit it with the bat. There is a painted rectangle on either side of home plate called a “batter's box” that defines where batters are allowed to stand. Another painted box behind home plate defines where the catcher crouches to catch the ball if the batter misses it.
While the other bases are four-sided and typically made of canvas, home plate is five-sided and made of rubber, to distinguish it. There is also usually a tall fence cupped around home plate to prevent stray balls from hitting the audience behind.
Bases are numbered counterclockwise from home plate: first, second, and third. Second base is on a direct line from home plate through the pitcher's mound.
A baseball that's hit and lands to the left of third base or the right of first base (as seen from home plate) is considered a “foul ball,” which invalidates the play. Foul lines are usually painted on the field to show where the border is.
There are regulation distances that define a proper baseball infield. Each base is 90 feet (27.4 m) apart from the next. The pitcher's mound is 60.5 feet (18.4 m) from home plate.
118575 3.jpg3
Get familiar with the outfield. Past the dirt border that defines the infield is a large swath of green turf called the outfield. The foul lines continue on through the outfield, but otherwise, the space is open and undefined by structures or lines. There are a few defensive players in the outfield – the left, center, and right fielders – who try to catch and/or return long-distance hits. The outfield bulges out in the center, behind second base. The outer edge of the field is called the “fence.”
Unlike the infield, there's no strict rule regarding the size of a baseball outfield. American professional baseball fields have home plate-to-center field fence distances ranging from 390 feet (118.9 m) to 435 feet (132.6 m).
118575 4.jpg4
Learn the roles of the teams. Each team is composed of 9 players, all of whom have specific defensive positions on the field. During offensive play, all players act as batters, taking turns trying to hit the ball. Once the ball has been hit, the batter can begin to run from home plate around each of the bases in a counterclockwise order, to complete a run back to home plate and score a point. The defensive team tries to recover the ball and tag the batter with it, ending the play. The 9 defensive roles are as follows:
The pitcher pitches the baseball towards the batter. The ball has to be pitched at a certain level and straight over home plate to be considered fair, but a good pitcher can still make it very tricky to hit.
The catcher crouches behind home plate with heavy protective gear and a special mitt, and catches the ball when the batter doesn't hit it. The catcher can also pick up and throw a ball in play, if it lands close by.
The first baseman guards first base. He or she must be very good at catching the ball; if the first baseman manages to get a hold of the ball before the batter has made it to first base, it's almost impossible for the batter to avoid being tagged out.
The second baseman guards the area between first and second base. In addition to tagging runners out at second base, the second baseman also helps catch ground balls before they roll into the outfield.
The shortstop stands between second and third base and returns balls to any of the basemen to help get an out. Shortstops see a lot of action in a typical game – more than any other defensive position - as most right-handed batters tend to send the ball into the shortstop's area.
The third baseman closely guards third base, and must also have an exceptionally strong throwing arm to send balls quickly to first base, all the way across the diamond. This is because (as with the shortstop) many right-handed batters send the ball straight towards third base when they hit it.
The outfielders are three players who guard a different section of the outfield – left, center, and right, as previously described. Their job is to catch high and long balls and prevent the batting team from scoring easy runs by simply hitting the ball hard.
All defensive players are allowed to use a large leather mitt on one hand to help them catch the ball. The catcher's mitt is even bigger and thicker.
118575 5.jpg
5
Understand the role of umpires. The umpire is a member of the field not affiliated with either team, and sworn to impartiality. It's the umpire's job to watch closely and announce the result of each play. There are typically a few umpires at most games: one at home plate, and one at each of the other three bases. Some games also place two umpires in the outfield. The umpire at home plate typically calls the start of the game.
Harassing or intentionally touching an umpire can result in severe penalties, and is to be avoided at all costs. Whether or not you agree, the umpire's word is final.
118575 6.jpg6
Learn about outs. Only offensive team members can get an out. Once a player is out, he or she is removed from play, and from the batting rotation, for the rest of the inning. Once three players are out, the defensive and offensive teams switch. There are several ways to get an out. The commonly seen ones are described below.
If a defensive player catches the batter's ball before it hits the ground, the batter is automatically out no matter what else is happening, and even if the ball was caught in foul territory. This is called a “flyout.”
If a defensive player touches a runner with the ball (or a glove holding the ball) while the runner isn't standing on a base, the runner is out. The ball must be held in the defensive player's hand; beaning the runner with a throw is unacceptable. This is called a “tag out.”
If a batter passes on a chance to hit a fair ball (one that wasn't too high, low, or close to the batter's body), or if a batter swings and misses, he is given a strike. Three strikes result in an out, called a “strikeout.”
On first base only, if a fielder touches the base while holding the ball before the runner can reach it, he or she is out. This is called a “ground out.”
If a runner is standing on a base and has to run forward to make room for the next runner (as only one runner can be on a base at a given time), he or she can receive a “force out” if a fielder at the next base touches the base while holding the ball.
118575 7.jpg7
Learn about strikes, balls, and fouls. While at bat, one of four things can happen each pitch: a strike, a ball, a fair ball, or a foul ball. These terms sound confusing because they seem to overlap, but they're actually fairly simple to learn:
A strike is an indication that the batter either could have swung at the ball and didn't, or swung at the ball and missed. Foul balls can result in strikes as well. After three strikes, the batter is out and the next batter steps up to the plate (until three outs are reached).
A ball happens when the pitcher pitches a ball that's too far outside the hitting area to be considered hittable by the batter. After four balls, the batter “walks,” which is a free advancement to first base. Batters will occasionally try to crowd the plate and earn a walk rather than hit the ball.
A fair ball is a ball that the batter hits which lands between the foul lines, allowing the batter to run for first base. A fair ball is what most batters want, most of the time.
A foul ball is a ball that the batter hits which lands outside the foul lines. Unless it's caught and turned into a flyout, a foul ball just counts as a strike; however, in most cases, players ca
วิธีการเล่นเบสบอลสองชิ้นส่วน: พื้นฐานและ SetupPlaying เกมเบสบอลเป็นหนึ่งในกีฬารัก และโดดเด่นที่สุดของอเมริกา อ่านขั้นตอนเหล่านี้เพื่อเรียนรู้วิธีเล่นเกม เล่นตัวเองโฆษณาส่วนที่ 1 2: พื้นฐานและการตั้งค่า118575 1.jpg1เข้าใจแนวคิดพื้นฐานของเกม เบสบอลเป็นกีฬาประเภททีมที่เล่นในช่วงรอบหลายของเล่น อินนิงที่เรียกว่าเขตพิเศษ Inning ละเพิ่มเติมได้ถูกแบ่งออกเป็นสองส่วน "บน" และ "ล่าง ที่คนพยายามที่จะคะแนนขณะที่ทีมอื่น ๆ ปกป้องฟิลด์ คะแนนมีคะแนนตีลูกที่ thrown (เบสบอล) มีกับค้างคาว และทำงานแล้ว รอบส่วนของฟิลด์ และกลับไปยังตำแหน่งเริ่มต้น ถ้านักวิ่งที่จะติดแท็ก ด้วยเบสบอลทีมป้องกันก่อนวิ่ง นักวิ่งที่จะออก หลังลึกหนาบางสาม inning การย้ายไปข้างหน้าและทีมสลับสถานวิทยาลัยและเกมเบสบอลมืออาชีพเล่นอินนิงเก้ากว่า นอกจากนี้ในระดับรุนแรงน้อยแข่งขันปกติคุณลักษณะหกหรือเจ็ดทีมป้องกันทั้งหมดได้เสมอในฟิลด์ ผู้เล่นก้าวร้าวพยายามตีลูกหนึ่งครั้ง ดังนั้นจะเริ่มต้นด้วยมีเล่นเดียวไม่เหมาะสมในฟิลด์ เป็นการเล่น ดำเนินไป ถึงสี่ผู้เล่นก้าวร้าวอาจสิ้นสุดในฟิลด์ แต่แป้งเดียวคือในเวลาที่กำหนด ผู้เล่นที่สามอื่น ๆ ก็รอในจุดที่ปลอดภัยการทำงานของพวกเขาและจุดคะแนนมีจุดเซฟสามสำหรับรอบชิงชนะเลิศ ที่มุมแต่ละมุมของพื้นที่ทำงาน เรียกว่าฐาน ฐานต้องเยี่ยมชมเพื่อคะแนนจุด ยังสามารถเลือกวิ่งไปหยุดบนฐาน และรอจนกว่าจะเล่นต่อไปต้องทำงานไป ฐานมีอธิบายในรายละเอียดมากกว่านี้โฆษณา118575 2.jpg2ได้คุ้นเคยกับการ infield เบสบอล (บางครั้งเรียกว่า "เพชรเบสบอล") เป็นเขตออกแบบพิเศษที่ประกอบด้วยสองส่วนพื้นฐาน: infield และ outfield Infield จะเป็นศูนย์กลางของการดำเนินการ กำหนด โดยสี่แผ่นแข็งแรงทนทานตั้งอยู่ในพื้นดิน เรียกฐาน คะแนนเท่ากัน ขึ้นรูปไดมอนด์สแควร์ เส้นทางจากแต่ละฐานไปทำจากดิน แทนหญ้า ภายในเพชรเป็นพื้นที่หญ้า และใกล้กลางที่ mound สกปรกต่ำกับจานอื่นนั้นเรียกว่า mound ของเหยือกแป้ง (ผู้เล่นก้าวร้าว) ยืนที่หนึ่งเรียกว่า ฐานบ้านจาน และรอลูกให้ชัดเจนจาก mound ของเหยือกเพื่อเขาหรือเธอสามารถลองตีกับค้างคาว มีสี่เหลี่ยมทาสีบ้านจานที่เรียกว่า "แป้งของกล่อง" ที่กำหนดซึ่งคนที่อนุญาตให้ยืนด้านใดด้านหนึ่ง กล่องทาสีอื่นหลังบ้านจานกำหนด crouches ที่จับจะจับลูกถ้าแป้งที่คิดถึงมันฐานอื่น ๆ มี 4 หน้า และทำโดยทั่วไปของผืนผ้าใบ บ้านจานมี 5 หน้า และการทำยาง การแยก มีปกติรั้วสูง cupped สถานบ้านจานเพื่อป้องกันลูกหลงทางจากการตีผู้อยู่เบื้องหลังฐานหมายเลขทวนเข็มนาฬิกาจากบ้านจาน: ครั้งแรก ที่ สองและสาม เบสที่สองอยู่สายตรงจากบ้านจานผ่าน mound ของเหยือกลูกเบสบอลที่ถูกตี และที่ดินทางซ้ายของสามฐานหรือด้านขวาของฐานแรก (เท่าที่เห็นจากบ้านจาน) ถือว่า "สกปรกลูก ซึ่ง invalidates เล่น บรรทัดเหม็นมักจะวาดในฟิลด์เพื่อแสดงเส้นขอบที่เป็นมีระยะทางระเบียบที่กำหนด infield เบสบอลที่เหมาะสม แต่ละฐานเป็น 90 ฟุต (27.4 เมตร) จากหน้า Mound ของเหยือกเป็น 60.5 ฟุต (18.4 เมตร) จากบ้านจาน118575 3.jpg3ได้คุ้นเคยกับการ outfield เลยสกปรก เส้นขอบที่กำหนด infield จะมี swath ใหญ่ของสนามหญ้าสีเขียวที่เรียกว่า outfield ใน บรรทัดเหม็นต่อบนผ่าน outfield แต่มิฉะนั้น พื้นที่เปิด และไม่ได้กำหนดโครงสร้างหรือบรรทัด มีกี่ป้องกันของผู้เล่นใน outfield –ด้านซ้าย เซ็นเตอร์ และขวา fielders – ที่พยายามที่จะจับ หรือกลับฮิตไกล การ outfield bulges ออกกลาง หลังฐานที่สอง ขอบนอกของฟิลด์จะเรียกว่าการ "กรอบ"ต่างจาก infield มีไม่มีกฎที่เข้มงวดเกี่ยวกับขนาดของ outfield เบสบอล เบสบอลมืออาชีพชาวอเมริกันฟิลด์ฟิลด์บ้านจานศูนย์กรอบระยะตั้งแต่ 390 ฟุต (118.9 เมตร) 435 ฟุต (132.6 เมตร) ได้118575 4.jpg4Learn the roles of the teams. Each team is composed of 9 players, all of whom have specific defensive positions on the field. During offensive play, all players act as batters, taking turns trying to hit the ball. Once the ball has been hit, the batter can begin to run from home plate around each of the bases in a counterclockwise order, to complete a run back to home plate and score a point. The defensive team tries to recover the ball and tag the batter with it, ending the play. The 9 defensive roles are as follows:The pitcher pitches the baseball towards the batter. The ball has to be pitched at a certain level and straight over home plate to be considered fair, but a good pitcher can still make it very tricky to hit.The catcher crouches behind home plate with heavy protective gear and a special mitt, and catches the ball when the batter doesn't hit it. The catcher can also pick up and throw a ball in play, if it lands close by.The first baseman guards first base. He or she must be very good at catching the ball; if the first baseman manages to get a hold of the ball before the batter has made it to first base, it's almost impossible for the batter to avoid being tagged out.The second baseman guards the area between first and second base. In addition to tagging runners out at second base, the second baseman also helps catch ground balls before they roll into the outfield.The shortstop stands between second and third base and returns balls to any of the basemen to help get an out. Shortstops see a lot of action in a typical game – more than any other defensive position - as most right-handed batters tend to send the ball into the shortstop's area.The third baseman closely guards third base, and must also have an exceptionally strong throwing arm to send balls quickly to first base, all the way across the diamond. This is because (as with the shortstop) many right-handed batters send the ball straight towards third base when they hit it.The outfielders are three players who guard a different section of the outfield – left, center, and right, as previously described. Their job is to catch high and long balls and prevent the batting team from scoring easy runs by simply hitting the ball hard.All defensive players are allowed to use a large leather mitt on one hand to help them catch the ball. The catcher's mitt is even bigger and thicker.118575 5.jpg5Understand the role of umpires. The umpire is a member of the field not affiliated with either team, and sworn to impartiality. It's the umpire's job to watch closely and announce the result of each play. There are typically a few umpires at most games: one at home plate, and one at each of the other three bases. Some games also place two umpires in the outfield. The umpire at home plate typically calls the start of the game.Harassing or intentionally touching an umpire can result in severe penalties, and is to be avoided at all costs. Whether or not you agree, the umpire's word is final.118575 6.jpg6Learn about outs. Only offensive team members can get an out. Once a player is out, he or she is removed from play, and from the batting rotation, for the rest of the inning. Once three players are out, the defensive and offensive teams switch. There are several ways to get an out. The commonly seen ones are described below.If a defensive player catches the batter's ball before it hits the ground, the batter is automatically out no matter what else is happening, and even if the ball was caught in foul territory. This is called a “flyout.”If a defensive player touches a runner with the ball (or a glove holding the ball) while the runner isn't standing on a base, the runner is out. The ball must be held in the defensive player's hand; beaning the runner with a throw is unacceptable. This is called a “tag out.”If a batter passes on a chance to hit a fair ball (one that wasn't too high, low, or close to the batter's body), or if a batter swings and misses, he is given a strike. Three strikes result in an out, called a “strikeout.”On first base only, if a fielder touches the base while holding the ball before the runner can reach it, he or she is out. This is called a “ground out.”If a runner is standing on a base and has to run forward to make room for the next runner (as only one runner can be on a base at a given time), he or she can receive a “force out” if a fielder at the next base touches the base while holding the ball.118575 7.jpg7Learn about strikes, balls, and fouls. While at bat, one of four things can happen each pitch: a strike, a ball, a fair ball, or a foul ball. These terms sound confusing because they seem to overlap, but they're actually fairly simple to learn:A strike is an indication that the batter either could have swung at the ball and didn't, or swung at the ball and missed. Foul balls can result in strikes as well. After three strikes, the batter is out and the next batter steps up to the plate (until three outs are reached).A ball happens when the pitcher pitches a ball that's too far outside the hitting area to be considered hittable by the batter. After four balls, the batter “walks,” which is a free advancement to first base. Batters will occasionally try to crowd the plate and earn a walk rather than hit the ball.A fair ball is a ball that the batter hits which lands between the foul lines, allowing the batter to run for first base. A fair ball is what most batters want, most of the time.A foul ball is a ball that the batter hits which lands outside the foul lines. Unless it's caught and turned into a flyout, a foul ball just counts as a strike; however, in most cases, players ca
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
