In this section, we share our initi

In this section, we share our initial empirical results on the links between political participation and life satisfaction. These results reflect, as far as we are aware, the first attempt to examine the relationship between participation and happiness in a large sample of countries in the developing world. For our analyses, we draw on data from three sources: the World Values Survey, the Latinobarometro, and the Latin American Public Opinion project (LAPOP). For the first, we include data from all surveys conducted in Latin America across the first four waves of the survey, for a total of 19 surveys across nine countries; because this survey includes only limited questions on political participation, we rely on it mostly for cross-country comparisons. For the Latinobarometro, we draw on the results of the 2005 wave of surveys (the most recent year of surveys available), which were conducted in eighteen Latin American countries. Finally, we use data from the LAPOP survey, which includes some uniquely detailed questions on forms of political participation, conducted in early 2008. Those data are available for 13 countries in the region.
We use these three data sources to a number of different ends, presenting results from cross-national correlations, individual-level regression analyses, multilevel (hierarchical) models that incorporate both individual and country-level predictors, and some more specialized attempts to establish causality. The surveys we draw on for our analysis include measures of a number of different types of political participation. We focus in particular on three types of activities:voting,more in tense forms of participation (especially political protest). Although we discuss a number of different specific survey questions, most fall into one of these three categories. In addition to examining individual-level correlates of life satisfaction, We also consider the extent to which certain system-level variables that are related do political participation, most importantly compulsory voting, affect life satisfaction.
The analysis below reveals some interesting patterns, although many of our results are not robust and so world benefit from continued research in the future. For the individual-level analysis that is the focus of the existing literature, we find some support for the hypothesis that

ผลลัพธ์ (แอฟริกา) 1:

In hierdie artikel, ons deel ons aanvanklike empiriese resultate oor die verband tussen politieke deelname en die lewe tevredenheid. Hierdie resultate weerspieël, sover ons weet, die eerste poging om die verhouding tussen deelname en geluk in 'n groot monster van lande in die ontwikkelende wêreld te ondersoek. Vir ons ontleding, ons trek op data uit drie bronne: die World Values ​​Survey, die Latinobarometro, en die Latyns-Amerikaanse publieke opinie projek (LAPOP). Vir die eerste, sluit data van alle opnames in Latyns-Amerika oor die eerste vier golwe van die opname, vir 'n totaal van 19 opnames oor nege lande; omdat hierdie opname sluit slegs beperkte vrae oor politieke deelname, ons vertrou op dit meestal vir landloop vergelykings. Vir die Latinobarometro, trek op die resultate van die golf 2005 van opnames (die mees onlangse jaar van opnames beskikbaar), wat uitgevoer is in agtien Latyns-Amerikaanse lande. Ten slotte, ons gebruik data uit die LAPOP Survey, wat gedetailleerde vrae oor uniek Sommige vorms van politieke deelname sluit, wat in 2008 die vroeë Data is beskikbaar vir 13 lande in die streek.
Ons gebruik hierdie bronne om 'n aantal Data Drie verskillende ends. , die aanbieding van die resultate van kruis-nasionale korrelasies, individuele vlak regressie-ontledings, multi-(hiërargiese) modelle wat beide individuele en land-vlak voorspellers inkorporeer, en 'n paar meer gespesialiseerde pogings om oorsaaklikheid te vestig. Die opnames ons put uit vir ons analise sluit maatreëls van 'n aantal van die verskillende tipes van politieke deelname. Ons fokus in die besonder op drie soorte aktiwiteite: stem, meer in gespanne vorme van deelname (veral politieke protes). Alhoewel ons 'n aantal verskillende spesifieke opname vrae te bespreek, die meeste val in een van die drie kategorieë. Benewens die ondersoek individuele vlak korrelate van die lewe tevredenheid, Ons is van mening ook die mate waarin sekere System-vlak veranderlikes wat verband is doen Politieke Deelname, bowenal verpligte stemming beïnvloed Life tevredenheid.
Die ontleding hieronder toon 'n paar interessante patrone, hoewel baie. van ons resultate is nie sterk en so wêreld voordeel uit voortgesette navorsing in die toekoms. Vir die individuele vlak analise wat die fokus van die bestaande literatuur, vind ons 'n paar ondersteuning vir die hipotese dat.