the optical signals in both ultraviolet and visible spectral regions [6].
Nowadays, the most commonly used and cost-effective method in determining the amount of chlorine in water is colorimetry [7]. It accompanies with chemically indicating materials that can change the color of the water under investigation. These include the reaction of surface toluidine groups of polyurethane foams [8], the immobilization of o-toluidine in a highly gas permeable silicone–polycarbonate copolymer membrane [9], the use of diethylparaphenylene diamine (DPD) [10], and the use of potassium iodine (KI) solution and starch [11]. Once the color of the water is altered, the amount of chlorine can be determined via visual inspection with appropriate standard colors. To suppress some errors during color reading from human and from variation in intensity of illumination sources, an optical colorimeter is highly desirable. Note that for colorimeters employed for chemical analysis, it is sometimes called color comparators [12]. Instead of using one dimensional (1D) photo-detection scheme proposed for the first time 76 years ago [13], 2D colorimetry can be obtained by using today 2D color image sensors, thus alleviating alignment tolerance between the object and the detection plane [14]. The 2 D colorimetry approach has been applied in several spectral analysis applications such as data non-intrusive credit card verification
the optical signals in both ultraviolet and visible spectral regions [6].
Nowadays, the most commonly used and cost-effective method in determining the amount of chlorine in water is colorimetry [7]. It accompanies with chemically indicating materials that can change the color of the water under investigation. These include the reaction of surface toluidine groups of polyurethane foams [8], the immobilization of o-toluidine in a highly gas permeable silicone–polycarbonate copolymer membrane [9], the use of diethylparaphenylene diamine (DPD) [10], and the use of potassium iodine (KI) solution and starch [11]. Once the color of the water is altered, the amount of chlorine can be determined via visual inspection with appropriate standard colors. To suppress some errors during color reading from human and from variation in intensity of illumination sources, an optical colorimeter is highly desirable. Note that for colorimeters employed for chemical analysis, it is sometimes called color comparators [12]. Instead of using one dimensional (1D) photo-detection scheme proposed for the first time 76 years ago [13], 2D colorimetry can be obtained by using today 2D color image sensors, thus alleviating alignment tolerance between the object and the detection plane [14]. The 2 D colorimetry approach has been applied in several spectral analysis applications such as data non-intrusive credit card verification
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