Gram-negative bacteria S. dysenteriae, S. flexnerii and S. typhi were sensitive to 17 (80.95%) extracts out of 21 tested, while E. coli; P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were sensitive to 16 (76.19%); 12 (57.14%) and 5 (23.8%) of extracts, respectively.
Among the two Gram-positive bacteria, B. cereus was found to be more sensitive than S. aureus on 16 (76.19%) and 12 (57.14%) extracts, respectively.
Some extracts (33.8%) showed antifungal activity against C. albicans species. However, the methanol extract of N. latifolia has the best anticandidal activity with inhibition zone (IZ) diameter values ranging between 16 and 20 mm (Table 2).
The sensitivity of a distinct microorganism depends on the type of extract and the solvent of extraction. The methanol extracts exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the other (Ethyl acetate and hexane extracts). Among all tested extracts, the maximum antimicrobial activity was observed with the methanol extract of stem bark N. latifoliaagainst all the tested strains with IZ diameter between 16 and 20 mm followed by the methanol extract of leaves of N. latifolia and F. exasperata (11–15 mm).