1. Introduction
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a widely used universal
parameter to describe organic pollution in water and wastewater.
The BOD determination is an empirical test in which standard
laboratory procedures are used to determine the relative oxygen
requirements of wastewaters, effluents, and polluted waters. The
test includes 5 days (7 days according to Swedish standard) of
incubation under specific conditions (20 ± 1 ◦C, in the dark) and
requires experience and skills to achieve reproducible results [1].
Although BOD is a good indicator of organic pollution in waters, it
is ineffective if fast feedback of water quality is necessary. As an
alternative method for BOD determination, BOD biosensors have
been developed.
A biosensor is a self-contained integrated device, capable
of providing specific quantitative or semi-quantitative analytical
information using biological recognition elements which
are retained in direct spatial contact with an electrochemical