time of urban areas. We analyzed relationships among urban
areas, populations and GDP of the 147 large cities in
China whose populations were greater than 500000. All
data are shown in the appended table. These data are from
“China City Statistical Yearbook” and “China City Construction
Statistical Yearbook”. Overall, the urban population
density in China decreased from 17100 persons/km2 in
1990, to 13000 persons/km2 in 2000, and to 12200 persons/
km2 in 2010. The lowered population density means
improvement in people’s living condition. Meanwhile, the
GDP/km2 increased from 79 million Yuan in 1990, to 297
million Yuan in 2000, and to 705 million Yuan in 2010.
However, the urban areas have expanded faster in 2000–
2010 than 1990–2000 and yet the per square kilomenter
GDP increase did not catch up with this acceleration in urban
expansion. Thus, there is a drop in economic efficiency
of built-up area per unit area for the last 10 years as compared
to the first ten year.
Figure 9 shows the state of each city and the provincial
average GDP per unit of urbanized area in 2009, while Figure
10 shows the state of each city and provincial average
population per unit of urbanized area in 2009. A high value
in GDP per unit of built-up area means a high efficiency of
a particular city or province, while the high value of population
per unit of built-up area means the situation of land
time of urban areas. We analyzed relationships among urban
areas, populations and GDP of the 147 large cities in
China whose populations were greater than 500000. All
data are shown in the appended table. These data are from
“China City Statistical Yearbook” and “China City Construction
Statistical Yearbook”. Overall, the urban population
density in China decreased from 17100 persons/km2 in
1990, to 13000 persons/km2 in 2000, and to 12200 persons/
km2 in 2010. The lowered population density means
improvement in people’s living condition. Meanwhile, the
GDP/km2 increased from 79 million Yuan in 1990, to 297
million Yuan in 2000, and to 705 million Yuan in 2010.
However, the urban areas have expanded faster in 2000–
2010 than 1990–2000 and yet the per square kilomenter
GDP increase did not catch up with this acceleration in urban
expansion. Thus, there is a drop in economic efficiency
of built-up area per unit area for the last 10 years as compared
to the first ten year.
Figure 9 shows the state of each city and the provincial
average GDP per unit of urbanized area in 2009, while Figure
10 shows the state of each city and provincial average
population per unit of urbanized area in 2009. A high value
in GDP per unit of built-up area means a high efficiency of
a particular city or province, while the high value of population
per unit of built-up area means the situation of land
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