Each article was coded by the authors and a research assistant. As described
by Miles and Huberman (1994), we used a double-coding process. With double coding, each researcher codes the same data and then the coding is discussed until the researchers come to an “unequivocal and common vision” (p.
63) of what the codes signify, thereby obtaining the best classification for each
block of data. Also, during this process, codes are expanded and amended. As
a research team, we worked jointly to merge competency categories and
to identify the relationships between competencies and crisis management
phase and context. This was an iterative process that involved the constant
comparison of theory to emerging competencies. This technique also allowed