It has been asserted that education is one of the most promising application areas for AR (Wu, Lee, Chang, & Liang, 2013). The NMC
Horizon Report 2012 identified AR as an emerging technology with high relevance for teaching, learning, and creative inquiry and predicted
broad adoption by 2015 (NMC, 2012). Yet, in a recent literature review on AR teaching and learning Dunleavy and Dede (2014) stated that
“[d]ue to the nascent and exploratory nature of AR, it is in many ways a solution looking for a problem” (p. 26) and that “relatively few
research and development teams are actively exploring how mobile, context-aware AR could be used to enhance K- 20 teaching and
learning” (p. 8). In fact, the majority of existing empirical research is of a qualitative nature (e.g., observations, interviews, focus groups) and
concentrates on the elicitation of affordances and constraints of AR in education. Up to now, only few quantitative studies (e.g., experiments)
exist that try to measure the effect of AR on learning outcomes.