Temperature (◦C), salinity (‰),
O2 (D.O. mg L−1, %) and pH were measured using a Multisensor
(WRW). CO2 concentration (mg L−1) was calculated according to
the formula [CO2 = Alk
×
10(6.3-pH)] (Timmons and Ebeling, 2007).
Alkalinity (CaCO3, mg L−1) was measured using a total alkalinity
drop test kit (Kittiwake, AS-K22291-KW) which measures CaCO3
within the range of 50–600 ppm.