Similar models are anticipated to help other areas of public health surveillance.
C. Lifestyle Environmental Factors, and Public Health Climatological data, such as heat-stress and cold-related mortality, present another dimension to predict personal health [22], [23]. Recent remote sensing technologies and geographic information systems allow climate data for global land areas to be interpolated at a spatial resolution of 500 m to 1 km [24], [25].Achieving high-resolution measurements are necessary so as to be able to monitor the real impact of pollution on human wellbeing in urban environments. With this aim the dense grid of wireless sensor networks facilitates the capture of spatiotemporal variability in toxic air pollutants [26]. Such technologies will become increasingly important for connecting epidemic intelligence with infectious disease surveillance and launching effective heat response plans [27]–[29]. Similarly, patterns of social factors influencing unhealthy habits such as smoking can be studied using the collective dynamics of social networks[18]. As an example of this, Christakis and Fowler found that smokers mostly belonged to the periphery of social networks, and by the time of quitting, they behaved collectively [18]. In addition, smokers with higher education tended to have a greater influence on their peers toward smoking behavior, compared to less educated smokers. As regards psychological states, emotional levels denoting hostility and stress, expressed in social media such as Twitter tweets, can serve as predictors of heart disease mortality per geographical area [30]. A mobile phone is an excellent platform to deliver personal messages to individuals to engage them in behavioral changes to improve health. Although at present, there is limited evidence that mobile messaging-based interventions support preventive health care for improving health status and health behavior outcomes [31], a better understanding of how this platform can be used is an interesting area to explore. For example, type-2 diabetesisgenerallythoughttobepreventablebylifestylemodification; however, successful lifestyle intervention programs are often labor intensive. It has been shown that mobile phone messaging can be used as an alternative to deliver motivational and educational advices for changing population lifestyles[32].