The process of over-education is caused by at least two different phenomena. One is
the desire of students and their parents for higher levels of schooling, and schooling of
the highest possible reputation, in order to get the best jobs. But educational institutions
themselves have also been responsible for over-education. When the government allowed
the founding of more institutions in the 1990s, enormous numbers of universities were
founded. And there appears to be pressure by several different education and training
institutions to provide higher-level degrees