6. Conclusion
This study has highlighted the potential of SPME to detect insect infestation in grain. The aggregation pheromone of each insect species can be used to indicate infestation for particular species. The SPME technique appeared to be easy to operate but is sensitive to time and temperature of extraction. With the application in detection of insect infestation, it still requires further development to improve the sensitivity of the technique in order to be able to detect insects that produced relatively low amount of pheromones. Extraction of SPME coupled with dynamic headspace may be rec- ommended for future research to increase the sensitivity and make the technique become more practical in the commercial environment.