I have encountered this exact same problem. Using the Qlikview PE edition suddenly all my files were unable to load and I get a message my maximum number of recovery attemps has been reached. This also happens in the exact same way as the topic starter, I make a new document, save it and open it straight away, I get the error messages I cannot open it. After updating the qlikview version, de-installing and reinstalling the problem was still there.
Finally i found out the problem is the login name to my windows account. I accidentally logged on to the PC while capslock was active while I usually login with my username in lower caps. I logged off and this time changed the login name back to lower caps and voila I can open all my qlikview files again. Apparently Windows doesn't care if I login with caps or not but some how Qlikview is very "case sensitive" about this.
Weird thing is I reinstalled Qlikview using the uppercase login name. I also tried only having one letter in uppercase and i can reproduce the problem. It is possible the topic starter made the same "mistake" with logging in to Windows.