Despite a considerable heterogeneity not fully explained by dementia type or ginkgo dosage, we think that ginkgo may be of benefit for a certain but unknown proportion of dementia patients. Against this background and in analogy with dementia prevention [3,50], it may be advisable to run a major multicenter study for dementia treatment to definitively answer the question of ginkgo effectiveness for different dementia subgroups in advanced health care systems. Treatment and setting should reflect everyday conditions as much as possible without compromising internal validity. We think that the hitherto gained results justify both symptomatic treatment of dementia and further research, as differential effects for Alzheimer's and vascular dementia are obvious and ginkgo is carried on being used as a complementary therapy in these disorders.