In certain States and at certain times, the electoral sovereign may not exist. It does not exist in a monarchy when the king succeeds to the throne by hereditary right exercises absolute power. It did not exist in Mussolini’s Italy and Hitler’s Germany. It did not also exist in the erstwhile Soviet Russia and other communist countries. In Italy and Germany the de facto Sovereign controlled the both the legal Sovereign and the electoral Soveriegn. In the former Soviet Russia and other communist countries it was the communist party of that country and its politburo. The electoral Sovereign did not exist in Pakistan during the regnnes of its respecnve chiet marual Law Administrators General Ayub Khan, Yahya Khan and Zia-UI-Huq.