8 18
125%
could generate their own context specific classroom methodologies. These ten macro-
strategies according to Kumaravadivelu were theory neutral and method neutral.
Strategy 1: Maximize learning
opportunities: Teacher as mediator and
facilitator of learning.
Strategy 2: Facilitate negotiated interaction: Learners actively initiate and
navigate talk, not just respond and react.
Strategy 3: Minimize perceptual mismatches: Ensure clear understanding
across cultures, linguistics, pedagogical or other barriers a
much as possible.
Strategy 4: Activate intuitive heuristics: Encourage noticing and discovering
form and function rules.
Strategy 5: Foster language awareness: Explicit focus on less obvious
properties as needed.
Strategy 6: Contextualize linguistic input: Discourse features not taught in
isolated or discrete manner.
Strategy 7: Integrate language skills: They are interrelated and reinforcing
skills
Strategy 8: Promote learner autonomy: Help students to learn how to learn.
Strategy 9: Ensure social relevance: keep the local context in mind.
Strategy 10: Raise cultural consciousness: Promote a global cultural awareness.
Due to the goal of focusing efforts of the three-way partnership on improving the ESL