7.3.1Thermometers or other temperature monitoring devices are an essential item of old chain equipment, and of critical importance for ensuring good vaccine quality through routine monitoring of storage temperatures. A fundamental requirement is thus that every vaccine refrigerator at every leve (and formerly very freezer), should have its own temperature monitoring de These are also needed for monitoring vaccine transport conditions, and should always be used in cold boxes or vaccine carriers when vaccines are distributed from one level to another. Thus, more thermometers are needed than the number of refrigerators in use, and since these are relatively low-budget items, it is cost effective to ensure that all locations have sufficient for their known needs, plus several extras as a backup for those in daily use. Only simple stem and dial type thermometers are currently used in DPR Korea, but these are no longer considered adequate by WHO and both are now replaced by electronic devices that show both the current temperature, and also any violations beyond pre-set limits that have occurred since the last reading Separate devices are available for both freeze- sensitive vaccines (type 1), and for freeze- tolerant vaccines (type 2). The plan therefore proposes that new electronic type monitoring devices be supplied to every location where vaccine is stored, irrespective of the numbers and types of thermometers available at present It is recommended that 5 electronic temperature devices for each vaccine regime (ie, type 1 and type 2) should be supplied to each provincial medical warehouse, and 3 electronic devices for each vaccine regime be supplied to each county or city medical warehouse.