In 1845, Michael Faraday (Barr E.S., 1967) discovered the first magneto-optical effect,
called as “Faraday Rotation Effect”, which provided the first concrete evidence for a
connection between magnetism and light, which is one of the historically important discoveries.
It is observed that the plane of polarization of light rotates as a result of passage
through a material in the direction parallel to an applied magnetic field. The rotation
angle is called as Faraday Rotation Angle. This effect is different than the optical activity
(Mason, 1968; Peterson 1975) shown by crystals. Faraday Rotation is an example of
Magnetic Birefringence.