The aim in this section is to identify predictors for the Thailand summer rainfall, which can then be used in
statistical forecast models. The two main requirements for any useful predictors are (1) a good relationship with
the seasonal rainfall and (2) a reasonable lead time (i.e. months to a season). Our earlier work (Singhrattna,
2003; Singhrattna et al., in press) indicated that Thailand summer rainfall is strongly correlated with ENSO in
the post-1980 period and also with pre-monsoon (especially March–May (MAM)) land surface temperatures
representing the land–ocean thermal gradient. So, the first step is to look for a relationship with standard ENSO
indices during the pre-monsoon seasons and follow up with correlations between the rainfall and large-scale
ocean–atmospheric variables (SSTs, SLPs). This approach of correlation with large-scale ocean–atmospheric
circulation variables has been used to identify predictors for stream flows in northern Brazil (Souza and Lall,
2003) and in the Truckee–Carson river basins in Nevada, USA (Grantz, 2003)
The aim in this section is to identify predictors for the Thailand summer rainfall, which can then be used in
statistical forecast models. The two main requirements for any useful predictors are (1) a good relationship with
the seasonal rainfall and (2) a reasonable lead time (i.e. months to a season). Our earlier work (Singhrattna,
2003; Singhrattna et al., in press) indicated that Thailand summer rainfall is strongly correlated with ENSO in
the post-1980 period and also with pre-monsoon (especially March–May (MAM)) land surface temperatures
representing the land–ocean thermal gradient. So, the first step is to look for a relationship with standard ENSO
indices during the pre-monsoon seasons and follow up with correlations between the rainfall and large-scale
ocean–atmospheric variables (SSTs, SLPs). This approach of correlation with large-scale ocean–atmospheric
circulation variables has been used to identify predictors for stream flows in northern Brazil (Souza and Lall,
2003) and in the Truckee–Carson river basins in Nevada, USA (Grantz, 2003)
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