Aquatic exercise, or hydrotherapy, is performed in water, which promotes muscle relaxation and facilitates movement by making use of water’s physical properties—buoyancy, adherence, and temperature adjustability. Buoyancy helps support body weight and unload joints. Water molecules adhering to one another and to the skin provide resistance when exercising. The recommended water temperature is °F to 88°F. Water exercises may consist of any mode of exercise (aerobic, stretching, strengthening,and range of motion). Bartels and colleagues synthesized data from six clinical trials of short-term (approximately three months long) aquatic exercise for hip or knee OA. Data were analyzed from 800 subjects randomly assigned to an aquatic exercise group, a land-based exercise group, or a control group. The results suggested that hydrotherapy has small to moderate short-term effects on function (SMD, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11-0.42) and quality of lif(SMD, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.03-0.61) and only minor