abstract
Nasal ventilation is a relatively newer concept that is being increasingly used in preterm
infants to reduce the adverse pulmonary outcomes which are associated with invasive
ventilation. This review analyzes the evidence from various clinical trials on the use of
nasal ventilation and various types of nasal ventilation. These have been tested both as a
primary mode of respiratory support as well as continuing respiratory support after
extubation from mechanical ventilation. Studies are consistently showing early weaning
from mechanical ventilation and benefits in infants with respiratory distress syndrome
and apnea. Long term improvements in respiratory outcome have also been reported but
needs to be confirmed in larger trials.