A case example from a male-dominated workforce is now given to illustrate the important of building up accurate work histories in order that more is known about work-caused and work-related ill-health and its consequences in later life. In the construction industry in 2007, 99% of workers were men and of those 3 in 10 were self-employed older men. While there has been an increasing awareness of the hazards that construction workers face, many older men, as well as future generations of men, will suffer ill-health as a result of this type of work. To illustrate this further, we now consider the case of exposure to asbestos.