Individualism vs. collectivism -
disharmony of interests on personal and collective goals (Parsons and Shils, 1951).
Hofstede raises the idea that society's expectations of Individualism/Collectivism will be reflected by the employee inside the organization.
Collectivist societies will have more emotional dependence on members in their organizations; when in equilibrium - organization is expected to show responsibility on members.
Extreme individualism is seen in the US.
In fact, collectivism in the US is seen as "bad".
Other cultures and societies US will therefore seek to resolve social and organizational problems in ways different from American ways.
Hofstede says that a capitalist market economy fosters individualism and competition and depends on it but individualism is also related to the development of the middle class.
Research indicates that some people and cultures might have both high individualism and high collectivism.
For example, someone who highly values duty to his or her group does not necessarily give a low priority to personal freedom and self-sufficiency.[citation needed]