52a. Flowers solitary ........................................................................................................... 36. Himalrandia
52b. Flowers in cymes of 6–12 .......................................................................................... 93. Trailliaedoxa
51b. Shrubs, low (ca. 0.3 m tall) to tall, or trees.
53a. Corolla densely sericeous (i.e., with long, silky, appressed trichomes) on outside .... 71. Porterandia
53b. Corolla glabrous to puberulent, spreading pubescent, or strigillose (i.e., with
short appressed trichomes) on outside.
54a. Inflorescences with 1–7 flowers; fruit 4–11 cm ........................................................... 27. Fosbergia
54b. Inflorescences with 5 to numerous flowers; fruit 2 cm or shorter.
55a. Petioles and inflorescence axes articulate; ovules and seeds 1 per cell, 2 per
ovary or fruit; stigmas unlobed .......................................................................................... 39. Ixora
55b. Petioles and inflorescence axes not articulate; ovules and seeds 1 to numerous
per cell, 2 to numerous per ovary or fruit; stigmas lobed.
56a. Bark of older stems becoming coppery red and circumferentially wrinkled
to peeling ............................................................................................................ 90. Tarennoidea
56b. Bark of older stems smooth, persistent, green to gray or brown, sometimes
becoming longitudinally striate or fissured with age.
57a. Ovules 1 per cell and 2 per ovary; fruit drupaceous with 2 plano-convex
pyrenes ..................................................................................................................... 67. Pavetta
57b. Ovules 2 or more per cell and 4 or more per ovary; fruit baccate with seeds
2 or more, ellipsoid, obovoid, or compressed globose.
58a. Seeds 2–6 per fruit, 4–5 mm in diam., compressed globose, fruit yellowish
white; plants without spines ........................................................................... 4. Alleizettella
58b. Seeds 4 to numerous per fruit, 3–5 mm in diam., compressed globose to
ellipsoid or obovoid, fruit purplish black, black, or sometimes white;
plants with or without spines.
59a. Plants without or usually with spines; calyx limb persistent or deciduous
on fruit ............................................................................................................... 8. Benkara
59b. Plants without spines; calyx limb deciduous on fruit ..................................... 89. Tarenna