Data. In the domain modeling layer, the observable data on which
the claims will be based are described in general terms. Mislevy
(2006) described the three types of data commonly used to support
claims in ECD. The first type of data includes aspects of the situation
in which the person is acting. In the context of assessment, the
situation is shaped by the contents of the task (test item) to which
the person is responding, the stimulus materials available, and the
response mechanism in operation. The second type of data includes
aspects of the person’s actions in the situation. These data are
derived from the test taker’s response to the task. The data collected
can be as simple as a mark on an answer sheet or as complicated as