Traditionally, HRD has focused on defining organizations on the basis of job structures and identifying and securing the competence that is required for successful performance in each specific position. Consequently, human resource departments organise their work around the tasks of identifying, assessing, and analysing sets of job-related tasks and the demands that are required to perform these tasks. However, competitive advantages are increasingly associated with flexibility and change rather than predefined task-related sets of competences, as was common in traditional HRD approaches.