Faeces would serve as a chemo-signal in inducing behavioral response in conspecifics. In this study estrusspecific chemical cues were identified in the faeces of female buffalo; the bull behavior assay substantiates the role of these chemical signals, particularly, 4-methyl phenol
and trans-verbenol, in buffalo communication. We therefore, propose the two compounds as estrus indicators in buffalo, which would be better as markers of estrus in a non-invasive manner.