Anaerobic digestion of energy crops, residues, and
wastes is of increasing interest in order to reduce the
greenhouse gas emissions and to facilitate a sustainable
development of energy supply. Production of biogas provides
a versatile carrier of renewable energy, as methane can be used
for replacement of fossil fuels in both heat and power
generation and as a vehicle fuel. For biogas production,
various process types are applied which can be classified in wet
and dry fermentation systems. Most often applied are wet
digester systems using vertical stirred tank digester with
different stirrer types dependent on the origin of the feedstock.
Biogas is mainly utilized in engine-based combined heat and
power plants, whereas microgas turbines and fuel cells are
expensive alternatives which need further development work
for reducing the costs and increasing their reliability. Gas
upgrading and utilization as renewable vehicle fuel or injection
into the natural gas grid is of increasing interest because the gas
can be used in a more efficient way. The digestate from
anaerobic fermentation is a valuable fertilizer due to the
increased availability of nitrogen and the better short-term
fertilization effect. Anaerobic treatment minimizes the survival
of pathogens which is important for using the digested residue
as fertilizer. This paper reviews the current state and
perspectives of biogas production, including the biochemical
parameters and feedstocks which influence the efficiency and
reliability of the microbial conversion and gas yield.
Anaerobic digestion of energy crops, residues, andwastes is of increasing interest in order to reduce thegreenhouse gas emissions and to facilitate a sustainabledevelopment of energy supply. Production of biogas providesa versatile carrier of renewable energy, as methane can be usedfor replacement of fossil fuels in both heat and powergeneration and as a vehicle fuel. For biogas production,various process types are applied which can be classified in wetand dry fermentation systems. Most often applied are wetdigester systems using vertical stirred tank digester withdifferent stirrer types dependent on the origin of the feedstock.Biogas is mainly utilized in engine-based combined heat andpower plants, whereas microgas turbines and fuel cells areexpensive alternatives which need further development workfor reducing the costs and increasing their reliability. Gasupgrading and utilization as renewable vehicle fuel or injectioninto the natural gas grid is of increasing interest because the gascan be used in a more efficient way. The digestate fromanaerobic fermentation is a valuable fertilizer due to theincreased availability of nitrogen and the better short-termfertilization effect. Anaerobic treatment minimizes the survivalof pathogens which is important for using the digested residueas fertilizer. This paper reviews the current state andperspectives of biogas production, including the biochemicalparameters and feedstocks which influence the efficiency andreliability of the microbial conversion and gas yield.
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