Lightweight formal methods[edit]
Some practitioners believe that the formal methods community has overemphasized full formalization of a specification or design.[4][5] They contend that the expressiveness of the languages involved, as well as the complexity of the systems being modelled, make full formalization a difficult and expensive task. As an alternative, various lightweight formal methods, which emphasize partial specification and focused application, have been proposed. Examples of this lightweight approach to formal methods include the Alloy object modelling notation,[6] Denney's synthesis of some aspects of the Z notation with use case driven development,[7] and the CSK VDM Tools.[8]