Chile is the only country in the region with a comprehensive water law that has encouraged the
development of water markets. The 1981 National Water Law established secure, tradable, and
transferable water use rights for both surface and groundwaters. As a result, during periods of low
rainfall, farmers shift from the production of water-intensive crops, such as corn and oilseeds, to
higher-valued and less water-intensive crops, such as fruits and vegetables.