Removal
of heavy metals from drinking and process water is a subject of continued research. Several industries dealing with mining, manufacturing and processing tasks generate solutions containing heavy metals in excess of discharge limits, thus necessitating treatment of the water before discharge. Conventional methodsforremovalofthesemetalsfromsolutionsare precipitation, coagulation/flocculation, cementation, chelation and ion exchange. These technologies either have the inherent problem of sludge handling and disposal and/or are best suited for solutions having high metal concentrations. However, since conventional water treatment materials are relatively expensive and require complex operational set-up and safety precautions, there is an increasing interest in the use of biomass for removal of dissolved metals from aqueous solutions.1 A variety of low cost biomass has been developed and commercialized for controlling pollution from diverse sources; these are yeasts, fungi, algae, bacteria and some aquatic plants, and are used to concentrate metals from aqueous diluted solutions, accumulating them inside their cell structure.2 These biotechnological processes are mainly categorized as biosorption and bioprecipitation.
Removal of heavy metals from drinking and process water is a subject of continued research. Several industries dealing with mining, manufacturing and processing tasks generate solutions containing heavy metals in excess of discharge limits, thus necessitating treatment of the water before discharge. Conventional methodsforremovalofthesemetalsfromsolutionsare precipitation, coagulation/flocculation, cementation, chelation and ion exchange. These technologies either have the inherent problem of sludge handling and disposal and/or are best suited for solutions having high metal concentrations. However, since conventional water treatment materials are relatively expensive and require complex operational set-up and safety precautions, there is an increasing interest in the use of biomass for removal of dissolved metals from aqueous solutions.1 A variety of low cost biomass has been developed and commercialized for controlling pollution from diverse sources; these are yeasts, fungi, algae, bacteria and some aquatic plants, and are used to concentrate metals from aqueous diluted solutions, accumulating them inside their cell structure.2 These biotechnological processes are mainly categorized as biosorption and bioprecipitation.
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