Discussion and Conclusions
M-learning has the potential to bring instructors, peers, and resources together virtually at the point-of-care to support student safety and evidence-informed practice. This study assessed the current use of mobile technology by faculty and students in nursing education
and investigated their predisposition to use this new technology in their teaching and learning.
Our first research question asked how faculty and students were currently using personal mobile devices in their teaching and learning. The results of the demographics portion of our survey revealed that most respondents owned mobile devices and that nearly half (46%) owned smartphones or 3G devices. Furthermore, the ownership of these more sophisticated
mobiles was spread fairly evenly across all groups and ages. While our respondents used their mobiles weekly and predominantly for communications (cell phone, texting, and email), they also used them regularly for a range of other activities, including Web browsing,
photography, word processing, and health applications. More importantly, nearly two-thirds (65%) of the time, our respondents used their mobiles in their teaching and learning.
This data alone indicates that our respondents are not only predisposed to use mobile devices in nursing education, they have already begun to do so.
Our second research question queried our respondents about their views on using mobile devices in their teaching and learning in the future. If nursing faculty and students are already
using these devices in a substantive way, will this use increase? In what ways? This question was addressed most specifically by our respondents’ replies to the open-ended question asking for their views about the potential uses of these technologies to support teaching and learning in the practice area. They pointed out both benefits and barriers to such use. Among the benefits were just-in-time access to current, professional information at the point-of-care and improved communications between students and faculty, especially
while students are in clinical practice placements. Among the barriers were the cost of purchasing a device and high wireless connectivity costs as well as issues of infection control and adhering to current hospital policies. The implication of these findings is that, despite some significant barriers to use, nursing faculty and students do foresee an increasing
use of mobile devices in their practice and strong reasons for their presence.
Finally, we asked, To what degree is the level of mobile self-efficacy among nursing faculty and students related to their potential use of m-technology in teaching and learning? Self-efficacy refers to individuals’ personal beliefs that they are capable of learning and performing
particular behaviors. The stronger the sense of personal efficacy they possess, the greater
their perseverance will be, and the likelihood increases that they will perform the chosen activity successfully (Bandura, 1997; Compeau & Higgins, 1995). Our results provide some support for this relationship. The mean self-efficacy score for our respondents was 75, a rating
that reflects a high level of confidence in their ability to use mobile technology, that is a strong sense of personal mobile self-efficacy. Moreover, there were strong positive correlations
between the magnitude of our respondents’ use of mobile device features and their self-efficacy scores. While this data is based on self-report scores rather than independent observations, it does provide support for the conclusion that the more individuals (at least as represented by our respondents) use mobile devices, the more self-confidence they develop
in use, resulting in the increased likelihood that they will use the devices even more, forming a positive feedback system.
These self-efficacy levels, however, were significantly different between program groups, with BSN students and faculty having a median difference that was 14 points higher than PN students and faculty. Since the PN students engage in a one-year certificate program while the BSN students are involved in a four-year baccalaureate program, it is possible that higher levels of education and experience could contribute strongly to an individual’s sense of mobile self-efficacy in learning contexts. No other comparisons resulted in significant
differences. There was no discernible difference in mobile self-efficacy between faculty and students. While there was a slight relationship between age and self-efficacy in favor of younger respondents, this correlation was not statistically significant.
Despite the difference between nursing programs, at a median rating of nearly 65 out of 100, even PN students and faculty are demonstrating a strong sense of mobile self-efficacy. While the BSN students and faculty in this institution had a higher level of mobile self-efficacy, the vast majority of our respondents indicated a strong sense of self-confidence in using their mobile devices, and their use of these devices clearly carried over into their teaching and learning.
It appears, then, that nursing faculty and students are quite familiar with the use of mobile technology, and a substantial proportion of them are very comfortable using the various functionalities these devices afford. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that nursing students and faculty, as represented by our respondents, are well prepared and strongly motivated to engage in mobile learning. The implication for nursing programs is that there is a substantive reason for them to consider the integration of mobile device use in their curricula, if they have not already done so. Nursing faculty and students are already using such devices in their teaching and learning informally on a regular basis, and this use is only likely to increase.
Discussion and Conclusions
M-learning has the potential to bring instructors, peers, and resources together virtually at the point-of-care to support student safety and evidence-informed practice. This study assessed the current use of mobile technology by faculty and students in nursing education
and investigated their predisposition to use this new technology in their teaching and learning.
Our first research question asked how faculty and students were currently using personal mobile devices in their teaching and learning. The results of the demographics portion of our survey revealed that most respondents owned mobile devices and that nearly half (46%) owned smartphones or 3G devices. Furthermore, the ownership of these more sophisticated
mobiles was spread fairly evenly across all groups and ages. While our respondents used their mobiles weekly and predominantly for communications (cell phone, texting, and email), they also used them regularly for a range of other activities, including Web browsing,
photography, word processing, and health applications. More importantly, nearly two-thirds (65%) of the time, our respondents used their mobiles in their teaching and learning.
This data alone indicates that our respondents are not only predisposed to use mobile devices in nursing education, they have already begun to do so.
Our second research question queried our respondents about their views on using mobile devices in their teaching and learning in the future. If nursing faculty and students are already
using these devices in a substantive way, will this use increase? In what ways? This question was addressed most specifically by our respondents’ replies to the open-ended question asking for their views about the potential uses of these technologies to support teaching and learning in the practice area. They pointed out both benefits and barriers to such use. Among the benefits were just-in-time access to current, professional information at the point-of-care and improved communications between students and faculty, especially
while students are in clinical practice placements. Among the barriers were the cost of purchasing a device and high wireless connectivity costs as well as issues of infection control and adhering to current hospital policies. The implication of these findings is that, despite some significant barriers to use, nursing faculty and students do foresee an increasing
use of mobile devices in their practice and strong reasons for their presence.
Finally, we asked, To what degree is the level of mobile self-efficacy among nursing faculty and students related to their potential use of m-technology in teaching and learning? Self-efficacy refers to individuals’ personal beliefs that they are capable of learning and performing
particular behaviors. The stronger the sense of personal efficacy they possess, the greater
their perseverance will be, and the likelihood increases that they will perform the chosen activity successfully (Bandura, 1997; Compeau & Higgins, 1995). Our results provide some support for this relationship. The mean self-efficacy score for our respondents was 75, a rating
that reflects a high level of confidence in their ability to use mobile technology, that is a strong sense of personal mobile self-efficacy. Moreover, there were strong positive correlations
between the magnitude of our respondents’ use of mobile device features and their self-efficacy scores. While this data is based on self-report scores rather than independent observations, it does provide support for the conclusion that the more individuals (at least as represented by our respondents) use mobile devices, the more self-confidence they develop
in use, resulting in the increased likelihood that they will use the devices even more, forming a positive feedback system.
These self-efficacy levels, however, were significantly different between program groups, with BSN students and faculty having a median difference that was 14 points higher than PN students and faculty. Since the PN students engage in a one-year certificate program while the BSN students are involved in a four-year baccalaureate program, it is possible that higher levels of education and experience could contribute strongly to an individual’s sense of mobile self-efficacy in learning contexts. No other comparisons resulted in significant
differences. There was no discernible difference in mobile self-efficacy between faculty and students. While there was a slight relationship between age and self-efficacy in favor of younger respondents, this correlation was not statistically significant.
Despite the difference between nursing programs, at a median rating of nearly 65 out of 100, even PN students and faculty are demonstrating a strong sense of mobile self-efficacy. While the BSN students and faculty in this institution had a higher level of mobile self-efficacy, the vast majority of our respondents indicated a strong sense of self-confidence in using their mobile devices, and their use of these devices clearly carried over into their teaching and learning.
It appears, then, that nursing faculty and students are quite familiar with the use of mobile technology, and a substantial proportion of them are very comfortable using the various functionalities these devices afford. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that nursing students and faculty, as represented by our respondents, are well prepared and strongly motivated to engage in mobile learning. The implication for nursing programs is that there is a substantive reason for them to consider the integration of mobile device use in their curricula, if they have not already done so. Nursing faculty and students are already using such devices in their teaching and learning informally on a regular basis, and this use is only likely to increase.
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การอภิปรายและสรุป
M-Learning มีศักยภาพที่จะนำอาจารย์ เพื่อน และทรัพยากรด้วยกันจวนที่จุดของการดูแลเพื่อสนับสนุนความปลอดภัยของนักเรียนและหลักฐานประกอบการฝึก เพื่อศึกษาการใช้เทคโนโลยีมือถือในปัจจุบัน โดยอาจารย์และนักศึกษาในการศึกษาพยาบาลและทำการจูงใจ
ของพวกเขาที่จะใช้เทคโนโลยีใหม่นี้ในการสอนและการเรียนรู้ .
Our first research question asked how faculty and students were currently using personal mobile devices in their teaching and learning. The results of the demographics portion of our survey revealed that most respondents owned mobile devices and that nearly half (46%) owned smartphones or 3G devices. Furthermore, the ownership of these more sophisticated
โทรศัพท์มือถือถูกกระจายอย่างเป็นธรรมอย่างเท่าเทียมกันทั่วทุกกลุ่มและทุกวัย ในขณะที่ส่วนใหญ่ของเราใช้โทรศัพท์มือถือรายสัปดาห์และเด่นเพื่อการสื่อสาร ( โทรศัพท์มือถือ , texting และส่งอีเมล ) พวกเขาใช้พวกเขาเป็นประจำสำหรับช่วงของกิจกรรมอื่น ๆ รวมทั้งการท่องเว็บ ,
ถ่ายภาพ , ประมวลผลคำ , และโปรแกรมสุขภาพ ที่สำคัญ เกือบสองในสาม ( 65% ) ของเวลา our respondents used their mobiles in their teaching and learning.
This data alone indicates that our respondents are not only predisposed to use mobile devices in nursing education, they have already begun to do so.
Our second research question queried our respondents about their views on using mobile devices in their teaching and learning in the future. If nursing faculty and students are already
using these devices in a substantive way, will this use increase? In what ways? This question was addressed most specifically by our respondents’ replies to the open-ended question asking for their views about the potential uses of these technologies to support teaching and learning in the practice area. They pointed out both benefits and barriers to such use. Among the benefits were just-in-time access to current, professional information at the point-of-care and improved communications between students and faculty, especially
while students are in clinical practice placements.ท่ามกลางอุปสรรค เป็นค่าใช้จ่ายในการจัดซื้ออุปกรณ์และค่าใช้จ่ายในการเชื่อมต่อแบบไร้สายสูง รวมทั้งปัญหาเรื่องการควบคุมการติดเชื้อ และยึดมั่นในนโยบายของโรงพยาบาลในปัจจุบัน ความหมายของการศึกษานี้คือ แม้จะมีบางส่วนที่สำคัญ อุปสรรคในการใช้ของนักศึกษาพยาบาลคณะ และคาดว่าการเพิ่ม
ใช้โทรศัพท์มือถือในการปฏิบัติและเหตุผลที่แข็งแกร่งสำหรับการแสดงตนของพวกเขา .
สุดท้ายเราถามว่าระดับใดเป็นระดับของการรับรู้ความสามารถของตนเองของนักศึกษาคณะพยาบาลศาสตร์ และโทรศัพท์มือถือที่ใช้ศักยภาพของ บริษัท เอ็ม เทคโนโลยีในการสอนและการเรียนรู้ ตนเอง หมายถึง บุคคล ความเชื่อส่วนบุคคลที่พวกเขามีความสามารถในการเรียนรู้และการแสดง
พฤติกรรมโดยเฉพาะ ความรู้สึกส่วนตัวที่แข็งแกร่ง พวกเขามีความสามารถ มากกว่า
ความพยายามของพวกเขาจะเพิ่มขึ้น และโอกาสที่พวกเขาจะแสดงกิจกรรมที่เลือกเรียบร้อยแล้ว ( Bandura , 1997 ; compeau & Higgins , 1995 ) ผลของเราให้การสนับสนุนสำหรับความสัมพันธ์นี้ คะแนนการรับรู้ความสามารถของตนเองว่า เราตอบได้ 75 คะแนน
ที่สะท้อนให้เห็นถึงระดับสูงของความเชื่อมั่นในความสามารถในการใช้เทคโนโลยีโทรศัพท์มือถือ that is a strong sense of personal mobile self-efficacy. Moreover, there were strong positive correlations
between the magnitude of our respondents’ use of mobile device features and their self-efficacy scores. While this data is based on self-report scores rather than independent observations, it does provide support for the conclusion that the more individuals (at least as represented by our respondents) use mobile devices, the more self-confidence they develop
in use, resulting in the increased likelihood that they will use the devices even more, forming a positive feedback system.
These self-efficacy levels, however, were significantly different between program groups, with BSN students and faculty having a median difference that was 14 points higher than PN students and faculty. Since the PN students engage in a one-year certificate program while the BSN students are involved in a four-year baccalaureate program, it is possible that higher levels of education and experience could contribute strongly to an individual’s sense of mobile self-efficacy in learning contexts. No other comparisons resulted in significant
differences. There was no discernible difference in mobile self-efficacy between faculty and students. While there was a slight relationship between age and self-efficacy in favor of younger respondents, this correlation was not statistically significant.
Despite the difference between nursing programs, at a median rating of nearly 65 out of 100, even PN students and faculty are demonstrating a strong sense of mobile self-efficacy. While the BSN students and faculty in this institution had a higher level of mobile self-efficacy, the vast majority of our respondents indicated a strong sense of self-confidence in using their mobile devices, and their use of these devices clearly carried over into their teaching and learning.
It appears, then,ที่นักศึกษาคณะพยาบาล และคุ้นเคยกับการใช้เทคโนโลยีมือถือและสัดส่วนมากของพวกเขามีความสะดวกสบายในการใช้ฟังก์ชันต่าง ๆ อุปกรณ์เหล่านี้สามารถ ดังนั้นจึงเหมาะสมที่จะสรุปได้ว่า นักศึกษาพยาบาล และคณะ ตามที่แสดง โดยผู้ตอบแบบสอบถามของเราจะพร้อมและมีแรงบันดาลใจที่จะมีส่วนร่วมในการเรียนรู้มือถือ The implication for nursing programs is that there is a substantive reason for them to consider the integration of mobile device use in their curricula, if they have not already done so. Nursing faculty and students are already using such devices in their teaching and learning informally on a regular basis, and this use is only likely to increase.
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