Results
The 3 min reference disinfection reduced resident hand
bacteria on average by 1.8 log10 steps (immediate effect)
and 1.4 log10-steps (sustained effect; Table 1) An application
of the hand rub after a 1 min hand wash was equally
effective (immediate efficacy: 1.5 log10-steps; sustained
efficacy: 1.6 log10-steps). An application of 1.5 min of the
hand rub without a 1 min hand wash was slightly more
effective (immediate efficacy: 2.3 log10-steps; sustained
efficacy: 1.7 log10-steps). Application of the hand rub for
1.5 min followed by 1 min drying time revealed the best