Abstract—The concept of 2-D barcodes is of great relevance
for use in wireless data transmission between handheld electronic
devices. In a typical setup, any file on a cell phone, for example,
can be transferred to a second cell phone through a series of
images on the LCD which are then captured and decoded through
the camera of the second cell phone. In this study, a new approach
for data modulation in 2-D barcodes is introduced, and
its performance is evaluated in comparison to other standard
methods of barcode modulation. In this new approach, orthogonal
frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is used
together with differential phase shift keying (DPSK) over adjacent
frequency domain elements. A specific aim of this study is to
establish a system that is proven tolerant to camera movements,
picture blur, and light leakage within neighboring pixels of an
LCD.