s shown in Table 1, the foreign elements in GMO sample 1 were two human insertions (ACTA1 promoter and TPM3 cDNA) as well as the Simian Virus small tAg (SV40). The sequence for the entire Human ACTA1 gene was used as the reference genome to align the unmapped reads (see Section 2). Fig. 4A illustrates the detected peaks for a single wild-type sample and the three GMO samples. As shown, GMO sample 1 contains a strong peak difference when compared to the other samples for all three antibodies tested for the ACTA1 gene. This peak mapped to one of the known ACTA1 regulatory elements (light blue vertical lines) confirming the insertion of an ACTA1 promoter into GMO sample 1. For the wild-type controls and the two GMO samples not containing these insertions (i.e. GMO samples 2 and 3), only minor peaks (