(e.g., Pukthuanthong and Roll, 2009).16 Their tradingbased
notion of market integration captures to what
extent traders treat distinct markets as effectively constituting
one integrated market. Their analysis rests on 361
firms from 24 countries cross-listed in the United States
between 1980 and 2001; they estimated a VAR model for
each firm each year to extract unexpected trading volume
shocks in the domestic and cross-listed markets.
The average correlation between these shocks across
stocks from a given country in a given year is the newly
proposed measure of market integration. They showed
that this measure varies across time for a country and in
a way that is sensibly linked to fundamentals, such as differences
in trading costs, foreign investment restrictions,
return correlations, and the fraction of trading in the US
markets among cross-listed stocks, among many others.