THE MECHANICS 0F TYPE The designer needs to understand how type is constructed and assembled as well as having an aesthetic appreciation of it. Letters of the alphabet are made up of complex combinations of straight lines and curves that give them their individual character.
themselves and to the typeface, for example the ear of lowercase g or the tail of uppercase Q.. However, although letterforms are recognized by d1cse specific characteristics, the overall shape of the characters and the counter- shapes (enclosed areas) also contribute to the character of a typeface. Although there is considerable individuality
All letters have common, national points of reference in their physical make-up, regardless of the typeface design, style, or size. These national points are the baseline (tl1e line on which all letters sit), the x-height (the height of the lowercase letters), the ascender line (the extent of the vertical upstrokes of lowercase letters), and the descended line (the extent of the downstrokes of lowercase letters).
The terms used to identify the different parts and structures of letterforms within this notional framework help to ensure accurate recognition and reference (sec diagram above). Some characters have detailing unique both to within the different characters of a typeface, typefaces arc designed to form a cohesive whole and give a global colour and texture when typeset. Appreciating the physical make-up of type helps the
THE MECHANICS 0F TYPE The designer needs to understand how type is constructed and assembled as well as having an aesthetic appreciation of it. Letters of the alphabet are made up of complex combinations of straight lines and curves that give them their individual character.
themselves and to the typeface, for example the ear of lowercase g or the tail of uppercase Q.. However, although letterforms are recognized by d1cse specific characteristics, the overall shape of the characters and the counter- shapes (enclosed areas) also contribute to the character of a typeface. Although there is considerable individuality
All letters have common, national points of reference in their physical make-up, regardless of the typeface design, style, or size. These national points are the baseline (tl1e line on which all letters sit), the x-height (the height of the lowercase letters), the ascender line (the extent of the vertical upstrokes of lowercase letters), and the descended line (the extent of the downstrokes of lowercase letters).
The terms used to identify the different parts and structures of letterforms within this notional framework help to ensure accurate recognition and reference (sec diagram above). Some characters have detailing unique both to within the different characters of a typeface, typefaces arc designed to form a cohesive whole and give a global colour and texture when typeset. Appreciating the physical make-up of type helps the
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