Many determinants leading to productivity and competitiveness. Understanding the factors behind this process has occupied the minds of economists for hundreds of years. Adam Smith, one of the founders of modern economics, in his fundamental work "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the wealth of nations" formulated the idea that specialization creates wealth, showing also that without specialization you can not maintain a high standard of living . In the same paper, Adam Smith used to designate specialization term "division of labor".