In this chapter, the four building blocks are illustrated with a recent example from educational assessment—an assessment system built for a high school chemistry curriculum, "Living by Chemistry: Inquiry-Based Modules for High School" (Claesgens, Scalise, Draney, Wilson, & Stacey, 2002). The Living by Chemistry (LBC) project at the Lawrence Hall of Science was awarded a grant from the National Science Foundation in 1999 to create a year-long course based on real-world contexts that would be familiar and interesting to students. The goal is to make chemistry accessible to a larger and more diverse pool of students while improving preparation of students who traditionally take chemistry as a prerequisite for scientific study. The focus is on the domain knowledge they have acquired during instructional interactions in terms of how the students are able to think and reason with chemistry concepts.