Apparent cooperation can also emerge when certain individuals are unconditional cooperators because they have internalized cooperative behavior standards. These norms can be transmitted, either through socialization institutions (oblique transmission) or by imitation within peer groups (horizontal transmission). Under certain conditions, the population of cooperators does not disappear and can stabilize. In this type of model, altruist punishment (strong reciprocity) plays an important role. A formalization of this type seems to apply to online communities and could make it possible to characterize the conditions under which the latter can survive and develop.