A number of researches have been conducted by means of content analysis stated that content analysis can be reduced to
three essential steps: (1) identifying representative samples of the communication;
(2) creating a protocol for identifying and categorizing the target variables such as
rubrics and protocol for coding; and (3) scoring to describe the target variables or
coding to identify relationships between variables. In addition, the content analysis
can involve both numeric (quantitative) and interpretive data analyses (qualitative),
or combinations of both (Koehler et al. 2007).