1. To provide an overview of the status of the use of mobile devices in educational experimental studies, including who is using them, which domain subjects are being taught, what kinds of mobile device and software are being used, where such programs take place, how the devices are used in teaching, and the duration of the interventions.
2. To quantify the overall effectiveness of integrating mobile technologies into education on student learning achievement.
3. To determine how the moderator variables influence the effects of mobile devices on learning achievement.
4. To synthesize the advantages and disadvantages of mobile learning in levels of moderator variables based on the content
analysis of articles related with moderator variables.